高原降雨天气过程中总体输送系数的变化特征   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

李国平  陶红专 《高原气象》2005,24(4):577-584

以中日亚洲季风机制合作研究计划设在西藏的4个自动气象站（AWS）获得的近6年（1995年7月-1999年6月）观测连续、时次密集的近地层大气梯度观测资料为基础,选取了高原中、东部夏季雨季的一些典型降雨过程,应用廓线-通量法计算了这些站降雨过程中每隔20min一次的总体输送系数,分析了其随层结稳定度、地表粗糙度以及在降雨天气过程中的变化特征。结果表明：总体输送系数的变化与近地层大气层结稳定度、地表粗糙度具有确定的、密切的关系;总体输送系数对降雨天气过程有明显的响应,但在与降雨过程的雨量峰值、降雨时段的对应上,各站的规律性略有不同。  相似文献   

湘东北地区连云山花岗岩的成因及地球动力学暗示   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

许德如  王力  李鹏春  陈广浩  贺转利  符巩固  吴俊 《岩石学报》2009,25(5):1056-1078

江南古陆是华南地区一个重要的花岗岩和金及金多金属矿床集中区。位于该区中段的连云山晚中生代花岗岩具有高的SiO₂ (69.41%~75.14%)和Al₂O₃ (13.61%~17.46%)、相对偏低的铁镁质 (0.92%~3.14%)以及变化范围较大的Na₂O (2.04%~3.83%)、K₂O (1.94%~4.94%)和CaO (0.82%~3.24%)等氧化物含量;在微量元素和稀土元素组成上,Y (5.2×10^-6~18.0×10^-6)和Yb (大多数在0.29×10^-6~0.70×10^-6)丰度普遍偏低、而Sr/Y (多数在55与82之间)和(La/Yb)_N (大多数在31与111之间)比值较高,且普遍表现LREE强烈富集的REE配分特征。结合Sr (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i=0.71008~0.73852)-Nd (ε_Nd(t)=-9.95~-12.37)-Pb (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb _i=17.972~19.959)同位素组成,以及野外地质和岩相学特征,连云山岩体为典型的强过铝质花岗岩,并显示埃达克质岩地球化学亲和性,是玄武质岩浆底侵作用下由加厚的下地壳部分熔融产生的岩浆经同化混染和分异结晶而形成,其源岩可能主要为变杂砂岩、长英质片麻岩和变英云闪长岩。结合区域构造演化,我们推测晚中生代连云山花岗岩是三叠纪时期华北板块和扬子板块碰撞导致地壳加厚及随后的太平洋板块向华南大陆俯冲导致华南大陆伸展、减薄的联合作用构造背景下,主要由古元古代连云山群(?)物质部分融熔而产生。连云山花岗岩的成因及地球动力学背景的研究将有助于深刻揭示湘东北地区金和金多金属矿产形成的地球动力学机制。  相似文献   

地壳深部岩浆岩岩基体与大型、超大型金属矿床的形成及找矿效应   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

滕吉文  姚敬金  江昌洲  闫雅芬  杨辉  张永谦  阮小敏 《岩石学报》2009,25(5):1009-1038

基于部分大型、超大型金属矿床和多金属矿集区的地球物理研究发现:地壳内部物质在热动作用下,深部物质和能量强烈的在交换,当深部热液沿通道（破碎带、软弱岩层或断裂系）上涌时,在深部适宜的岩层部位聚积,并形成大型或较大型的酸性、中酸性或基性的岩基体（镁铁质、超镁铁质）。这些类型的岩浆岩以其携带的热能驱动着深部物质重新分异和调整,并在这一动力作用过程中与围岩进行交代、蚀变,并促使其不断变质。在这样的深部介质和构造环境下矿物元素得以在大型或较大型岩基体附近与周边介质耦合,逐使矿物元素不断聚积,并形成大型、超大型金属矿床和多金属矿集区。  相似文献   

Topographic expression of active faults in the foothills of the Northern Apennines     

Vincenzo Picotti  Alessio Ponza  Frank J. Pazzaglia 《Tectonophysics》2009,474(1-2):285

Active faults that rupture the earth's surface leave an imprint on the topography that is recognized using a combination of geomorphic and geologic metrics including triangular facets, the shape of mountain fronts, the drainage network, and incised river valleys with inset terraces. We document the presence of a network of active, high-angle extensional faults, collectively embedded in the actively shortening mountain front of the Northern Apennines, that possess unique geomorphic expressions. We measure the strain rate for these structures and find that they have a constant throw-to-length ratio. We demonstrate the necessary and sufficient conditions for triangular facet development in the footwalls of these faults and argue that rock-type exerts the strongest control. The slip rates of these faults range from 0.1 to 0.3 mm/yr, which is similar to the average rate of river incision and mountain front unroofing determined by corollary studies. The faults are a near-surface manifestation of deeper crustal processes that are actively uplifting rocks and growing topography at a rate commensurate with surface processes that are eroding the mountain front to base level.  相似文献   

Thermo-hydro-mechanical simulation of ATLAS in situ large scale test in Boom Clay     

Bertrand François  Lyesse LalouiClément Laurent 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009

Following the need for understanding and quantifying the effect of temperature on the response of a candidate host formation for radioactive waste disposal, finite element modelling of an in situ thermal experiment has been carried out. Based on a thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) finite element approach including a consistent thermo-plastic constitutive model, it has been possible to reproduce the THM response of a clay formation submitted to in situ thermal loading. The simulated large-scale experiment, called ATLAS was designed in the underground research facility (HADES-URF) in Mol, Belgium. After an extensive literature analysis on the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of Boom Clay, laboratory tests were simulated to calibrate model parameters. The results of the finite element modelling of the ATLAS experiment were compared with in situ measurements and revealed the necessity to account for flow diffusion in all three directions through a 2D axisymmetric analysis. Finally, those results were interpreted in the light of elasto-thermoplasticity, which emphasizes the significant role of thermo-plastic processes in the global THM response of the clay formation.  相似文献   

雷暴电过程对动力发展的影响研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

孙安平  张义军  言穆弘 《高原气象》2004,23(1):26-32

利用三维时变积云动力—电过程耦合模式对雷暴中的电过程对动力发展的影响进行了模拟计算。结果表明,随着雷暴云体发展,云内形成三极性电荷结构。电场力对雷暴发展的直接作用与动力场相比很小,电涡度10-6·s-1比动力涡度小两个量级。但电场力影响了雷暴中的微物理过程,特别是水成物粒子的降落速度,并通过对三相水成物之间转换过程的调制,改变了三相水成物的时空结构,使云中水汽总量增加41%,释放潜热增加19.4%,从而改变了流场结构,电涡度达到10-4·s-1量级,和动力涡度相当。模拟结果指出,雷暴内电过程在云体成熟阶段对雷暴发展有较大影响。  相似文献   

Turbidites facies response to the morphological confinement of a foredeep (Cervarola Sandstones Formation,Miocene, northern Apennines,Italy)     

Roberto Tinterri  Alberto Piazza 《Sedimentology》2019,66(2):636-674

The Cervarola Sandstones Formation, Aquitanian–Burdigalian in age, was deposited in an elongate, north‐west stretched foredeep basin formed in front of the growing northern Apennines orogenic wedge. As other Apennine foredeep deposits, such as the Marnoso‐arenacea Formation, the stratigraphic succession of the Cervarola Sandstones Formation records the progressive closure of the basin due to the propagation of thrust fronts towards the north‐east, i.e. towards the outer and shallower foreland ramp. This process produces a complex foredeep that is characterized by syn‐sedimentary structural highs and depocentres that strongly influence lateral and vertical turbidite facies distribution. This work describes and discusses this influence, providing a high‐resolution physical stratigraphy with ‘bed by bed’ correlations of an interval ca 1000 m thick, parallel and perpendicular to the palaeocurrents and to the main structural alignments, on an area of ca 30 km that covers the proximal portion of the Cervarola basin in the northern Apennines. The main aim is to show, for the first time ever, a detailed facies analysis of the Cervarola Sandstones Formation, based on a series of bed types that have proven fundamental to understand the morphology of the basin. The knowledge of the vertical and lateral distribution of these bed types, such as contained‐reflected and slurry (i.e. hybrid) beds, together with other important sedimentary structures, i.e. cross‐bedded bypass facies and delamination structures, is the basis for better understanding of facies processes, as well as for proposing an evolutionary model of the foredeep in relation to the syn‐sedimentary growth of the main tectonic structures. This makes the Cervarola Sandstones, like the Marnoso‐arenacea Formation, a typical example of foredeep evolution.  相似文献   

Mopping up leaking carbon: A natural analog at Wadi Namaleh,Jordan     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2017,77(2):267-279

Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is one of the important options available for partially stemming greenhouse gas emissions from large point sources. The possibility of leaking from deep storage needs to be addressed. The Wadi Namaleh area in southern Jordan provides an interesting case study of how excess CO₂ can be trapped in the form of carbonates in the near surface, even when the local geology is not obviously conducive for such a process.Carbonate veins are formed in surface alteration zones of rhyolite host rock in this arid region. The alteration zones are limited to areas where surface soil or colluvium are present. Oxygen, deuterium and carbon isotopes of the carbonates and near-surface ground water in the area suggest that the source of carbon is deep seated CO₂, and that the carbonate precipitated in local meteoric water under ambient temperature conditions. Analysis of strontium in the carbonate, fresh rhyolite and altered host shows that the source for calcium is aeolian. Trace elements show that metal and REE mobility are constrained to the alteration zone.Thus, interaction of H₂O, CO₂ and atmospheric wet and dry deposition lead to the formation of the clayey (montmorillonite) alteration zone. This zone acts to trap seeping CO₂ and water, and thus produces conditions of progressively more efficient trapping of carbon dioxide by means of a positive feedback mechanism. Replication of these conditions in other areas will minimize CO₂ leakage from man-made CCS sites.  相似文献   

湖南香花岭矽卡岩中锡的矿物学行为与成矿过程          下载免费PDF全文

余雪戈  饶灿  王吴梦雨  林晓青  覃莉茜 《高校地质学报》2018,24(5):645

湖南香花岭矽卡岩型锡矿床是南岭地区一个重要的锡多金属矿床,发育有丰富的含锡矿物。在野外和显微镜下观察 基础上,文章利用电子探针技术系统分析了香花岭矽卡岩中含锡矿物的矿物学特征,探讨了锡的成矿过程、成矿流体以及 锡的来源。研究结果表明,香花岭矽卡岩中含锡矿物由锡矿物（锡石、尼日利亚石、孟宪民石等）和富锡矿物（韭闪石、 尖晶石、葡萄石、塔菲石等）组成。锡的成矿有三个阶段：矽卡岩早阶段,Sn进入尖晶石、韭闪石等造岩矿物中,形成富 锡矿物;氧化物阶段,锡矿物如锡石、尼日利亚石、孟宪民石等逐渐晶出;晚期热液阶段,早期含锡矿物热液蚀变原位析 出锡石,或富Sn热液交代早期矿物形成了富锡环边。矽卡岩中成矿流体富含F,CO2,Li等挥发组分,控制了Sn的富集、迁 移、结晶等过程。香花岭矽卡岩中Sn根本上来源于地层,锡的成矿过程反映了Sn在地壳中的地球化学循环过程。  相似文献   

Efficient computation of cross-spectral densities in the stochastic modelling of waves and wave loads     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

A new method is presented for efficient calculation of auto- and cross-spectral densities in the stochastic modelling of ocean waves and wave loads. As part of the short-term response analyses, the method may contribute to more efficient long-term response prediction. Specifically the cross-spectral densities of the first order wave excitation forces are considered, but the method is straightforwardly generalized to other cross-spectral densities, e.g. for wave elevation, wave kinematics or second order loads. The method can be used with any choice of directional spreading function, but special attention is given to the commonly used cos-2s type directional distribution. In addition to the development of the new method, the traditional method using the trapezoidal rule for numerical quadrature is improved by developing an adaptive way of choosing the number of integration points. The accuracy of the adaptive method and the new method is investigated, revealing rapid convergence for both methods. However, the new method appears more robust as it avoids so-called spurious hat errors. When applied to two different pontoon type floating bridges the adaptive method and the new method both achieve a great improvement in computational effort compared to the traditional trapezoidal rule method. When the dimensions of the floating bridge increase, i.e. the number of pontoons and their relative distances increase, the new method is superior with respect to computation time.  相似文献